Gratis is the process of providing goods or services without monetary compensation. It is often referred to in English as "free of charge". It is commonly acknowledged that there are costs associated with everything, hence the term "There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch TANSTAAFL is an acronym for the adage "There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch" originating in the 1940s and later popularized by science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein in his 1966 novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, which discusses the problems caused by not considering the eventual outcome of an unbalanced economy. This phrase and"; however, it is often practical for companies, producers, and service providers to provide certain things free of charge as part of a larger business model A business model is a framework for creating economic, social, and/or other forms of value. The term business model is thus used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions to represent core aspects of a business, including purpose, offerings, strategies, infrastructure, organizational structures, trading practices, and operational or pricing strategy There are many ways in which the price of a product can be determined. The following are the foremost strategies that businesses are likely to use.
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Etymology
The term gratis in English comes from the Latin word "gratis" meaning "for thanks".[1]. In several languages, including French French is a Romance language spoken, around the world, by more than 100 million people as a first language (mother tongue), by 190 million as a second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired foreign language, with significant speakers in 54 countries. Most native speakers of the language live in France, where the language, Swedish Swedish ( svenska ) is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the Åland islands. It is to a considerable extent mutually intelligible with Norwegian and to a lesser extent with Danish (see especially "Classification"). Along, Spanish Spanish , sometimes called Castilian (castellano), is a Romance language that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade. It was taken most notably to the Americas, and also to Africa and Asia Pacific with the expansion of the Spanish Empire between, Dutch Dutch ( Nederlands ) is a West Germanic language spoken by over 22 million people as a native language, and over 5 million people as a second language. Most native speakers live in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, with smaller groups of speakers in parts of France, Germany and several former Dutch colonies. It is closely related to other, Danish Danish (dansk, pronounced [d̥ænsɡ̊]) is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages), a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. It is spoken by around 6 million people, mainly in Denmark; the language is also used by the 50,000 Danes in the northern parts of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, Norwegian Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants (see Danish language#Classification), German German (Deutsch, [dɔʏtʃ] ) is a West Germanic language, thus related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. It is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union. Around the world, German is spoken by approximately 105 million native speakers and also by about 80 million non-native, Bahasa Indonesia Indonesian is the official national language of Indonesia. It is based on a version of Classical Malay of the Riau-Johor Sultinate. It was first declared the official language with the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, following the 1928 unifying-language declaration in the Indonesian Youth Pledge and Afrikaans Afrikaans is an Indo-European language, derived from Dutch and thus classified as Low Franconian West Germanic. It is mainly spoken in South Africa and Namibia, with smaller numbers of speakers living in Botswana, Angola, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Zambia, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Taiwan and Argentina. Due to emigration and it is the equivalent to "for free".
Marketing
Main articles: Sales promotion Sales promotion is one of the four aspects of promotional mix. Media and non-media marketing communication are employed for a pre-determined, limited time to increase consumer demand, stimulate market demand or improve product availability. Examples include: and Sample (material)In a standard business model where goods and services are exchanged for a monetary compensation, pricing Pricing is one of the four Ps of the marketing mix. The other three aspects are product, promotion, and place. It is also a key variable in microeconomic price allocation theory. Price is the only revenue generating element amongst the 4ps, the rest being cost centers. Pricing is the manual or automatic process of applying prices to purchase and of the goods is a fundamental element The marketing mix is generally accepted as the use and specification of the 'four Ps' describing the strategic position of a product in the marketplace. One version of the marketing mix originated in 1948 when James Culliton said that a marketing decision should be a result of something similar to a recipe. This version was used in 1953 when Neil of the marketing Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market, as in process. While it would defeat the business model if companies provide all of their goods and services free of charge, it is common for them to provide limited amount of free goods in their promotional mix 3 Promotions- Incentives designed to stimulate the purchase or sale of a product, usually in the short term. Examples: Coupons, sweepstakes, contests, product samples, rebates, tie-ins, self-liquidating premiums, trade shows, trade-ins, and exhibitions. Many companies often provide free samples to the press in order to generate media coverage for their products. Depending on the product, companies may provide free samples to prospective buyers.
In addition, many companies would often provide complementary goods and services A complementary good or complement good in economics is a good which is consumed with another good; its cross elasticity of demand is negative. – It is two goods that are bought and used together. This means that, if goods A and B were complements, more of good A being bought would result in more of good B also being bought. An increase in the free of charge. For example, coffeehouses Coffeehouse[a] or coffee shop (from Arabic: qahwa) is an establishment which primarily serves prepared coffee or other hot beverages. It shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant, but it is different from a cafeteria. As the name suggests, coffeehouses focus on providing coffee and tea as well as often provide Internet access free of charge to attract more customers. Hotels often provide free shuttle services. Restaurants often provide valet parking Valet parking is a parking service offered by some restaurants, stores, and other businesses particularly in North America. In contrast to "self-parking", where customers find parking on their own, customers' vehicles are parked for them by a person called a valet. This service either requires a fee to be paid by the customer or is service free of charge.
Companies may also distribute branded stationery Stationery has historically meant a wide gamut of materials: paper and office supplies, writing implements, greeting cards, glue, pencil case etc, refrigerator magnet A refrigerator magnet is an ornament attached to a magnet that is used to post items such as shopping lists or report cards on a refrigerator, or simply as decoration. Refrigerator magnets come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, including for example, images die-cut to a specific shape or tiny plastic sculptures of fruits. Refrigerator magnets, or similar items free to promote their brand instead of any specific line of products.
Mass media
Main articles: Free daily newspaper Free daily newspapers are distributed free of charge, either in central places in cities and towns, or with other newspapers. The revenues of such newspapers are based on advertising and Broadcasting Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adultsIn certain industries, such as the mass media Mass media is a term used to denote a section of the media specifically designed to reach a very large audience such as the population of a nation state. It was coined in the 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines, although mass media were present centuries before the term became common. The where major part of the revenue comes from advertisers, it is often in the company's interest to reach as many people as possible. In this model, companies would often distribute most of their products and services free of charge, so it can reach the largest possible audience. The companies would then attempt to recoup all costs from advertising.
Software
Main articles: Freeware The term freeware was coined by Andrew Fluegelman when he wanted to sell a communications program named PC-Talk that he had created but for which he did not wish to use traditional methods of distribution because of their cost. Fluegelman actually distributed PC-Talk via a process now referred to as shareware. Current use of the term freeware does, Gratis versus Libre Gratis versus libre is the distinction between "for zero price" and "freedom" (libre). Gratis appears in many English dictionaries, including the Oxford English Dictionary. However, libre does so less commonly, and no English adjective signifies "liberty" exclusively and as distinct from "at no monetary cost", and Free software Free software or software libre is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do these things and that manufacturers of consumer-facing hardwareIn software development, where the cost of mass production Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines. The concepts of mass production are applied to various kinds of products, from fluids and particulates handled in bulk (such as food, fuel, chemicals, and mined minerals) to discrete solid parts (such as fasteners) to assemblies is relatively small, it is common for developers to publish software under free of charge licenses.
One of the early and basic forms of this model is called freeware The term freeware was coined by Andrew Fluegelman when he wanted to sell a communications program named PC-Talk that he had created but for which he did not wish to use traditional methods of distribution because of their cost. Fluegelman actually distributed PC-Talk via a process now referred to as shareware. Current use of the term freeware does. Under a freeware, software is licensed free of charge for regular use, the developer does not gain any monetary compensation.
With the development of the software industry, other license schemes arose similar to limited free products in standard marketing. These licenses offer users limited use while attempt to recuperate development cost through the full product. Two common examples are shareware The term shareware, popularized by Bob Wallace, refers to proprietary software that is provided to users without payment on a trial basis and is often limited by any combination of functionality, availability or convenience. Shareware is often offered as a download from an Internet website or as a compact disc included with a periodical such as a and trialware Demoware is commercial software released for free (shareware) in a version which is limited in one or more ways. Some of the most common limitations are:.
With the advent of the free software movement The free software movement is a social movement which aims to promote user's rights to access and modify software. The alternative terms "software libre", "open source", and "FOSS" are associated with the free software movement. Although drawing on traditions and philosophies among members of the 1970s hacker culture,, license schemes are created to give developers more freedom in terms of code sharing. Distinction has to be drawn between "freedom" and "free of charge", the latter also referred to as "free as in beer". This distinction is often called Gratis versus Libre Gratis versus libre is the distinction between "for zero price" and "freedom" (libre). Gratis appears in many English dictionaries, including the Oxford English Dictionary. However, libre does so less commonly, and no English adjective signifies "liberty" exclusively and as distinct from "at no monetary cost".
References
- ^ "gratis". The Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gratis. Retrieved on 2008-09-02.
See also
Categories: Business models Categories: Strategic management | Business | Marketing strategies and paradigms | Specific models | Latin adjectives in current use Categories: Latin words and phrases | Latin language
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If the procedure was done gratis by a physician/surgeon, why isn't he giving within his own community? The article sure makes one think twice before making ...
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Q. The GOP candidates running for president only reluctantly mention him in their debates. It is as if they wish he and the war in Iraq would just go away. You are right. It is 'Persona Non Grata.' Thanks for the correction. My Latin is pretty weak. I only speak it when I am in Latin America.
Asked by enzyme306 - Wed Aug 29 02:32:22 2007 - - 7 Answers - 0 Comments
A. Not quite yet. Most that are leaving are leaving as scapegoats, to save their own careers, or as distractions for where the blame should be: on Bush & Cheney. If he were already dead meat, an impeachment trial would have begun already. When you see somebody in the Senate bring impeachment up for vote, that's when you can be sure the party has dumped him.
Answered by Halliburton Shill - Wed Aug 29 03:04:32 2007
